Editing Essay Learning Service Writing

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Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 1

Removed. It was probably the most frightening word a secondary school senior could consider, and it continued ringing in Thea Harman's psyche as her grandma's vehicle moved toward the school building. â€Å"This,† Grandma Harman said from the front seat, â€Å"is your last possibility. You do understand that, don't you?† As the driver pulled the vehicle to the control, she went on. â€Å"I don't have the foggiest idea why you got tossed out of the last school, and I would prefer not to know. Be that as it may, if there's one whiff of difficulty at this school, I'm going to surrender and send both of you to your Aunt Ursula's. What's more, you don't need that, presently, do you?† Thea shook her head overwhelmingly. Auntie Ursula's home was nicknamed the Convent, a dark stronghold on an abandoned peak. Stone dividers all over the place, a climate of despair and Aunt Ursula observing each move with slender lips. Thea would prefer to pass on than go there. In the rearward sitting arrangement close to her, Thea's cousin Blaise was shaking her head, as well however Thea knew not to trust she was tuning in. Thea herself could barely focus. She felt unsteady and very untogether, as though 50% of her were still back in New Hampshire, in the last head's office. She continued seeing the expression all over that implied she and Blaise were going to be ousted once more. In any case, this time had been the most noticeably terrible. She'd always remember the way the squad car outside continued glimmering red and blue through the windows, or the manner in which the smoke continued ascending from the burned survives from the music wing, or the way Randy Marik cried as the police drove him off to prison. Or on the other hand the way Blaise continued grinning. Triumphantly, as though it had all been a game. Thea looked sideways at her cousin. Blaise looked delightful and destructive, which wasn't her issue. She generally looked that way; it was a piece of having seething dim eyes and hair like halted smoke. She was as not the same as Thea's delicate blondness as night from day and it was her magnificence which continued getting them in a tough situation, however Thea couldn't resist adoring her. All things considered, they'd been raised as sisters. Also, the sister bond was the most grounded bond there was†¦ to a witch. In any case, we can't get ousted once more. We can't. Also, I realize you're thinking right since you can do it once more furthermore, old fashioned Thea will stay with you-however this time you ‘re wrong. This time I must stop you. â€Å"That's all,† Gran said unexpectedly, getting done with her directions. â€Å"Keep your noses clean until the finish of October or you'll be grieved. Presently, get out.† She whacked the headrest of the driver's seat with her stick. â€Å"Home, Tobias.† The driver, a school age kid with wavy hair who had the stunned and beaten articulation every one of Grandma's understudies got following a couple of days, mumbled, â€Å"Yes, High Lady,† and went after the gearshift. Thea snatched for the entryway handle and slid out of the vehicle quick. Blaise was directly behind her. The old Lincoln Continental dashed off. Thea was left remaining with Blaise under the warm Nevada sun, before the two-story adobe building complex. Lake Mead High School. Thea flickered on more than one occasion, attempting to launch her mind. At that point she went to her cousin. â€Å"Tell me,† she said inauspiciously, â€Å"that you're not going to do something very similar here.† Blaise chuckled. â€Å"I never do something very similar twice.† â€Å"You comprehend what I mean.† Blaise pressed together her lips and came to down to modify the highest point of her boot. â€Å"I think Gran tried too hard a little with the talk, isn't that right? I believe there's something she's not outlining for us. That is to say, what was that bit about the finish of the month?† She fixed, hurled back her mane of dim hair and grinned pleasantly. â€Å"And shouldn't we be setting off to the workplace to get our schedules?† â€Å"Are you going to answer my question?† â€Å"Did you ask a question?† Thea shut her eyes. â€Å"Blaise, we are coming up short on family members. On the off chance that it happens once more well, would you like to go to the Convent?† Just because, Blaise's demeanor obscured. At that point she shrugged, sending fluid waves down her free ruby-shaded shirt. â€Å"Better rush. We would prefer not to be tardy.† â€Å"You go ahead,† Thea said sleepily. She looked as her cousin left, hips influencing in the trademark Blaise lilt. Thea took another breath, inspecting the structures with their curved entryways and pink mortar dividers. She knew the drill. One more year of living with them, of strolling discreetly through lobbies realizing that she was unique in relation to everyone around her, even while she was cautiously, expertly professing to be the equivalent. It wasn't hard. People weren't shrewd. In any case, it took a specific measure of fixation. She had recently headed toward the workplace herself when she heard raised voices. A little bunch of understudies had accumulated at the edge of the parking garage. â€Å"Stay away from it.† â€Å"Kill it!† Thea joined the fringe of the gathering, being subtle. In any case, at that point she saw what was on the ground past the check and she made three frightened strides until she was looking directly down at it. Oh†¦ how lovely. Long, solid body†¦ wide head†¦ and a string of quickly vibrating horny rings on the tail. They were making a commotion like steam getting away, or melon seeds being shaken. The snake was olive green, with wide precious stones down its back. The scales on the face looked sparkly, practically wet. What's more, its dark tongue glimmered so fast†¦. A stone zoomed past her and hit the ground next to the snake. Residue puffed. Thea looked up. A child in shorts was stepping back, looking frightened and triumphant. â€Å"Don't do that,† someone said. â€Å"Get a stick,† another person said. â€Å"Keep away from it.† â€Å"Kill it.† Another stone flew. The appearances around Thea weren't awful. Some were interested, some were frightened, some were loaded up with a kind of intrigued appall. Be that as it may, it was all going to wind up the equivalent for the snake. A kid with red hair came running up with a forked branch. Individuals were going after rocks. I can't let them, Thea thought. Rattlers were in reality truly delicate their spines were powerless. These children may murder the snake without importance to. Also that two or three the children may get nibbled simultaneously. Be that as it may, she didn't have anything†¦ no jasper against venom, no St. John root to mitigate the psyche. It didn't make a difference. She needed to accomplish something. The redheaded kid was hovering with the stick like a contender searching for an opening. The children around him were on the other hand cautioning him and giving a shout out to him. The snake was expanding its body, tongue-tips gleaming up what's more, down quicker than Thea's eye could follow. It was frantic. Dropping her knapsack, she slipped before the red-haired kid. She could see his stun and she heard a few people holler, yet she attempted to shut it hard and fast. She expected to center. I trust I can do this†¦. She stooped a foot away from the rattler. The snake fell into a striking curl. Front body brought up in a S-formed winding, head and neck held like a ready lance. Nothing looked so prepared to rush as a snake in this position. Easy†¦ simple, Thea thought, gazing into the thin catlike students of the yellow eyes. She gradually lifted her hands, palms confronting the snake. Stressed commotions from the group behind her. The snake was breathing in and breathing out with a brutal murmur. Thea inhaled cautiously, attempting to transmit harmony. Presently, who could support her? Obviously, her very own defender, the goddess nearest to her heart. Eileithyia of old Crete, the mother of the creatures. Eileithyia, Mistress of the Beasts, kindly advise this critter to quiet down. Assist me with seeing into its little twisted heart so I'll comprehend what to do. And afterward it occurred, the magnificent change that even Thea didn't comprehend. Some portion of her turned into the snake. There was a weird obscuring of Thea's limits she was herself, yet she was likewise snaked on the warm ground, irate and sensitive and frantic to return to the wellbeing of a creosote hedge. She'd had eleven children some time prior and had never fully recuperated from the experience. Presently she was encircled by enormous, hot, quick moving animals. Large living-things†¦ excessively close. Not reacting to my danger clamors. Better chomp them. The snake had just two standards for managing creatures that weren't food. 1) Shake your tail until they leave without stepping on you. 2) If they don't leave, strike. Thea the individual kept her hands consistent and attempted to pound another idea into the little reptile mind. Smell me. Taste me. I don't possess a scent like a human. I'm a little girl of Hellewise. The snake's tongue brushed her palm. Its tips were so slight and fragile that Thea could scarcely feel them gleam against her skin. However, she could feel the snake drop down from greatest alarm. It was unwinding, prepared to withdraw. In one more moment it would listen when she told it to crawl away. Behind her, she heard another unsettling influence in the group. ‘There's Eric!† â€Å"Hey, Eric-rattlesnake!† Shut it out, Thea thought. Another voice, far off however coming nearer. â€Å"Leave only it, folks. It's presumably only a bull snake.† There was a swell of energized forswearing. Thea could feel her association slipping. Stay focused†¦. Be that as it may, no one could have remained centered during what occurred straightaway. She heard a brisk stride. A shadow tumbled from the east. At that point she heard a pant. â€Å"Mojave rattler!† And afterward something hit her, sending her flying sideways. It happened so quick that she didn't have the opportunity to bend. She landed agonizingly on her arm. She lost control of the snake. Everything she could see as she looked east was a textured olive-green head driving forward so quick it was a haze. Its jaws were all the way open-incredibly wide-and its teeth sank into the blue-jeaned leg of the kid who had taken Thea off the beaten path.

Diversity at Walmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assorted variety at Walmart - Essay Example 5). Assorted variety at Walmart â€Å"becomes the establishment for a comprehensive, reasonable business that grasps and regards contrasts, builds up our partners, serves our clients, accomplices with our networks, and expands upon a comprehensive provider base† (Walmart: Diversity, 2010, standard. 1). In an examination led by Pottabathni (2009, standard. 5), â€Å"human asset is the way to improvement and Wal-Mart productively deals with its sources. Wal-Mart terms its workers as partners. Supervisor pay is connected to the benefit of store worked by him, inside advancements, remuneration offered to partners contingent upon companys benefits and furthermore offered a few motivating forces on their exhibitions. The workforce at Wal-Mart isn't unionized as the organization takes all the proportions of their advantages and gives them preparing on related issues.† Further, their official site affirms that their association proceeds to â€Å"implement activities to draw in and hold a differing workforce, including enrolling from schools and colleges with huge multicultural populaces. We additionally furnish partners with hands on preparing, authority workshops, and direct access to openings for work through our Career Preference System† (Walmart: Diversity, standard. 2). All things considered, insights of the work power at Walmart gloats of an organization from various social directions and sexual orientation with the accompanying breakdown, indeed: â€Å"more than 850,000 of our partners are female and make up 59 percent of our U.S. workforce. 35 percent of our partners are minority: 249,000 African Americans, 171,000 Hispanics, 42,000 Asian Americans, 6,000 Pacific Islander Americans, 15,000 American Indian and Alaska Natives, and 430,000 partners 50 and over. In an examination by Green, Lopez, Wysocki and Kepner (2009), the creators gave a meaning of assorted variety as â€Å"acknowledging, understanding,

School Law and Renewable Energy Technologies Free Essays

Recommended ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY THESIS STATEMENTS POWER AND THE INDIVIDUAL/SOCIETY 1-Same sex relationships ought to be authorized. 2-Same sex relationships ought not be legitimized. 3-The creation and offer of cigarettes ought to be illicit. We will compose a custom paper test on School: Law and Renewable Energy Technologies or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now 4-The creation and offer of cigarettes ought not be illicit. 5-Military assistance ought to be mandatory. 6-Military help ought not be obligatory. Force AND NATIONS 1-Religion is the primary driver of wars. 2-Religion doesn't cause wars. 3-Turkey should boycott exchange with China. 4-Turkey ought not boycott exchange with China. †The most impressive country on Earth is __________. Force AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 1-Gambling ought to be sanctioned. 2-Gambling ought not be authorized. 3-Juvenile guilty parties ought to be attempted and rebuffed as grown-ups. 4-Juvenile wrongdoers ought not be attempted and rebuffed as grown-ups. 5-Law requirement cameras are an intrusion of security. 6-Law implementation cameras are not an attack of protection. 7-Convicted sex guilty parties ought to be uncovered. 8-Convicted sex guilty parties ought not be uncovered. 9-Sex guilty parties ought to be emasculated. 10-Sex guilty parties ought not be mutilated. 1-Intellectual property ought to be ensured un der the law. 12-Intellectual property ought not be secured under the law. 13-Current licensed innovation rights laws adversely sway the improvement of new advances. Force AND THE MEDIA 1-The Turkish media is one-sided. 2-The Turkish media isn't one-sided. 3-File sharing projects ought to be prohibited. 4-File sharing projects ought not be restricted. 5-Social systems administration destinations are a danger to individual security. 6-Social systems administration destinations are not a danger to individual security. 7-The administration should edit Internet content that is regarded unseemly. †The legislature ought not control Internet content. 9-Advertisements are enlightening. 10-Advertisements are manipulative. 11-Censorship is a danger to majority rules system. 12-Censorship is an absolute necessity. Force AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1-Recycling ought to be obligatory. 2-Recycling ought not be required. 3-Governments should command the move to biofuels. 4-Governments ought not comman d the move to biofuels. 5-Pesticides ought to be utilized in farming. 6-Pesticides ought not be utilized in horticulture. 7-Governments should bolster maintainable horticulture. †Governments ought not bolster maintainable horticulture. 9-Renewable vitality innovations (wind vitality, hydroelectricity, biomass, and sun oriented force) ought to be animated by governments. 10-Renewable vitality advances (wind vitality, hydroelectricity, biomass, and sun oriented force) ought not be invigorated by governments. Force AND EDUCATION 1-Creationism/advancement ought to be instructed in schools. 2-Creationism/advancement ought not be instructed in schools. 3-Religious training ought to be required. 4-Religious instruction ought to be discretionary. 5-Foreign language guidance should start in kindergarten. †Foreign language guidance ought not start in kindergarten. 7-Sex training ought to be remembered for the optional instruction educational plan. 8-Sex instruction ought not be reme mbered for the auxiliary training educational plan. 9-Homeschooling is a superior choice to state funded schools. 10-Public schools are a superior alternative to self-teaching. 11-School outfits ought to be compulsory. 12-School regalia ought not be obligatory. The accompanying subjects are prohibited!!! atomic force plants globalization a worldwide temperature alteration creature testing capital punishment killing web dependence hereditarily adjusted living beings [pic] Step by step instructions to refer to School: Law and Renewable Energy Technologies, Essay models

Where the Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls Essay -- essays research pape

Where the Red Fern develops  â â â â An epic by Wilson Rawls named Where the Red Fern Grows is the tale of a kid, his two dogs (which he named Old Dan and Little Ann), and the entirety of the experiences they shared together. A cherishing trio, they went the dull slopes and stream bottoms of the Cherokee nation. Old Dan had the strength, Little Ann had the minds, and Billy had the will to prepare them to be the best chasing group in the valley. Brilliance and triumph anticipated them, however trouble stood by as well. Close by was the abnormal and magnificent force that is just found Where the Red Fern Grows. An energizing story of affection what's more, experience one will always remember. A few topics that is destined to be experienced in this novel are the entry from youth to development, the awards of difficult work and industriousness, and cooperating to accomplish shared objectives. These topics and more can be found in the novel Where the Red Fern Grows.      One subject showed in this novel was the section from youth to development. An case of this is when Billy quit requesting two dogs and set aside up enough cash to get them himself. He offered things to angler at low costs however he was resolved what's more, would likewise take any offer they would give him. Another model indicated is when Billy purchased everybody something from Tahlequah with his own cash. An ordinary youngster would however himself heaps of sweets and only here and there share it yet Billy didn’t. He purchased his mother material, his father overalls, and his sister’s candy. This model extraordinarily indicated the entry from youth to development. Another model delineated was when Billy made a guarantee to his hounds that the principal coon they treed he would skin so when his dogs put a coon up the greatest tree in the woodland, Billy didn’t leave the way that it was exceptionally tall and begun slashing the tree down and didn’t surrender until the coon was cleaned not normal for a youngster who might have no persistence and be imprudent. One final model is when Billy took the demise of his pooches like a man and covered them in the most pleasant spot in the Ozark Mountain Extents. He thought particularly about his dogs and needed them to have a very agreeable and upbeat life following death not at all like numerous others which would have quite recently tossed the dogs off a bluff or accomplish something unpleasan... ...f it wasn’t when Billy, Old Dan, and Little Ann cooperated, somebody could have been ruthlessly torn separated or even perhaps everybody could have kicked the bucket at that exact instant in obscurity and forlorn mountain scopes of the Ozark Mountains. So despite the fact that great happenings were on there approach to Billy, hardships were directly behind and on the off chance that it wasn’t for cooperating , none of the satisfaction, happiness, as well as jubilance would have happened.      In end, Where the Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls was a joyous yet at a similar time despairing story about a young men undertakings with two dogs. At the point when Billy gotten his dogs, as long as he can remember changed. He had he best two pooches in the Ozarks and he demonstrated it at the coon-chasing competition. Nothing made a difference any longer. Old Dan and Little Ann made the way for Billy and Billy strolled through it with no dread. At that point, unexpectedly, when everything was going fine, something awful happened and all of Billy’s dreams were discarded at a moment. The entirety of this and more could be found in the cherishing story of Where the Red Fern Grows.  â â â â  â â â â

What Makes You Pick Up a Memoir

What Makes You Pick Up a Memoir I have to confess: I love memoirs. As someone who earned my MFA in creative nonfiction, I cant get enough of memoirs and personal essays. Mary Karr, bell hooks, Lidia Yuknavitch, Maggie Nelson (although her memoirs arent really straight memoir), Roxane Gay, even the medical memoirs of Drs. Jerome Groopman and Atul Gawande. My boss, however, mentioned to me the other day that no one would really want to read a memoir by a non-famous person. This stumped me, because was someone like Mary Karr famous before her memoirs? How are we defining fame? Snooki? Patti Smith? Oprah? I think he meant to really ask why does someone choose to read memoir? Which got me thinking when I go to the bookstore and browse the memoirs, I dont search for well-known stars. Ill go up and down the shelves, scanning the titles for anything that catches my eye, pull off any book with a colorful cover that grabs my attention; that sort of thing. I asked my boss what he meant, and we started talking about his one foray into creative writing. He took an elective in nonfiction writing (although his field was vastly different) at the same school where I earned my MFA. I asked him what he thought, and braced myself for the answer. He said it made him not want to write again. The workshop experience was that brutal which, okay, it can be, no doubt. He also felt it was too much like a group therapy session. Ask most memoirists and they will tell you that in no way is memoir meant to be therapy thats not art, and doesnt take craft into consideration. Many (if not most) people who write memoir go to therapy so they dont bring that onto the page. Memoir involves craft and skill; its not journaling or a diary or a substitute for a 50 minute session every week. I think people read memoirs by non-famous people to get a glimpse into someone elses life. Readers, by nature, are curious people. What better way to satisfy that curiosity than losing yourself in someone elses story for 200 pages? We read memoir for connection, to feel less alone, to know that someone else out there has struggled with something similar and lived to tell the tale. We read it for entertainment (I never laugh out loud at books, but Tina Feys Bossypants changed that), we read it for hope. Why do you read memoirs? Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

The Magic Chapter Sample Essay

Somewhere at the intersection of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a young Afro-American writer theoretically and artistically embodied the questions of the stop of the grievous lives of slaves, the development of black consciousness, the souls of black people, the current situation of the new Negro in white society, the prospects for the future coexistence of races . A kind of polemic unfolded between the writers and public figures such as Booker Washington and William Dubois (1868-1963). Its interesting that both of them started from the same discovery that black Americans have the same feelings, thoughts and aspirations as people with white skin (W. Dubois). The first of them in the remarkable book of memoirs advanced the idea of the future parallel success of the two races. William Dubois in the brilliant multi-genre book The Soul of Black Folk (1903) recognized the inevitability of racial opposition. In an effort to elevate the spirit of his fellow men, to straighten out what he called a dual consciousness (they are both Americans and black as if they are inferior), Dubois put forward a polemical slogan: Black is fine!. This slogan had a lasting and complex impact on the entire Negro culture of the 20th century, it was perceived differently at different stages of its development. At one time, it adopted the call to beat the whites, which absolutely did not correspond to the idea of Dubois, who was an intelligent and peaceful man, even laying hopes on the goodwill of the black and philanthropy of the whites. At the turn of the century, Du Bois shook only the awakened black consciousness, breathed a calm self-confidence in, which was deprived of the race of former slaves. The process of rapid emancipation of consciousness is very noticeable in the evolution of Afro-American artistic creativity of the time. This turbulence, this buzz of unshared voices, with which US literature entered a new century, continued increasing until the First World War, which marked the beginning of a calendar year of the present twentieth century for America and the world. The W.E.B. Du Bois’ book of articles and essays The Souls of Black Folk (1903) became a kind of political bible of the Negroes and it was of great resonance. Dubois was the first to substantiate the idea of the double consciousness of the American Negro: this person is an American on the one hand while on the other hand he or she is black, discriminated, humiliated and accustomed to recognize himself in a hostile environment. Chapter 1 is called â€Å"Of Our Spiritual Strivings† that became the thesis for the whole book â€Å"The Souls of Black Folk†. You can find there that the blacks from the South strongly need the right to vote, to get educated and they deserve to be treated like the whites. This chapter introduces a metaphor about evil that became popular around the world. All the blacks of those time wore a veil that made their views on life and economy greatly different from the views of the whites. Du Bois wanted to get rid of that veil and find the cure for that veil. The impact of the great American writer W.E.B. Du Bois is highly valuable and it marks the start of a new life of all Afro-Americans around the world. He wanted to show the white people that a different color means nothing but the color and that’s it. People should have equal rights and obligations despite their look and behaviour. â€Å"Of our Spiritual Strivings† became a famous manifestation of freedom and desire to prove that every person on the Earth deserves good life.

Donnes Holy Sonnet XIV - Batter my heart, three persond...

Donnes Holy Sonnet XIV - Batter my heart, three persond God Batter my heart, three persond God; for, you As yet but knocke, breathe, shine, and seeke to mend; That I may rise, and stand, oerthrow me, and bend Your force, to breake, blowe, burn and make me new. I, like an usurpt towne, tanother due, Labor to admit you, but Oh, to no end, Reason your viceroy in me, me should defend, But is captivd, and proves weake or untrue, Yet dearelyI love you, and would be lovd faine, But am betrothd unto your enemy, Divorce me, untie, or breake that knot againe Take me to you, imprison me, for I Except you enthrall me, never shall be free, Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me. --John†¦show more content†¦Parish: One must infer that in Knoxs opinion such symbolism shares nothing with metaphor in its effect on the imagination [College English 24 (1963): 299]. In spite of the shocking character of the poems imagery, the Holy Sonnet XIV seems coherent, its language apt; it is metrically jagged, yet traditional; its imagery is anthropomorphic, yet pious. If one may be permitted a commonplace, the poem is certainly a poem of paradoxes, as has been explored more fully in its many explications in these pages (articles appearing in 1953, 1954, 1965, 1967, and 1969, as well as in those mentioned above). However, most of these explications seem to focus on the intensity of religious ardor expressed by Donnes expansion of the boundaries of metaphorical usage within the poem. I will address more directly this metaphorical usage as it relates to Donnes experimentation with metrical freedom within the strictures of traditional sonnet form, as a further inroad to the poems theme. Both of these characteristics--the sinewy elasticity of meter and the intellectual contortion of metaphorical conceit--are attributes of the metaphysical style of poetry of which Donne is the preeminent representative. These attributes caused the critics of metaphysical poetry to label it the strong-lined style. It is, however, difficult to imagine Donnes passionate outpouring being expressed in any other way, sinceShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Holy Sonnet XIV Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Holy Sonnet XIV Throughout history, many people have endeavoured to convey their interpretations, or experiences, of the relationship between God and mankind. Many interpretations are positive - Psalm 139 of the Bible, for example, portrays the relationship between man and God as a personal and intimate one - yet just as many are decidedly negative. One such interpretation is Holy Sonnet XIV, an intensely personal poem by John Donne which explores the feelingsRead More Biography of John Donne Essay3729 Words   |  15 PagesDonne was an English poet and probably the greatest metaphysical poets of all time. He was born in 1572 to a Roman Catholic family in London. His father died when John was young leaving his mother Elisabeth to raise him and his siblings. Throughout Donne’s life his experiences with religion were full of trials and tribulations, something that can be clearly seen in his poetry over time. He remained Catholic early in life while he attended both Oxford and Cambridge Universities. Interestingly enoughRead More Male Masochism in the Religious Lyrics of Donne and Crashaw Essay3473 Words   |  14 PagesMale Masochism in the Religious Lyrics of Donne and Crashaw The impetus of my psychoanalytic exploration of male masochism in Donne and Crashaw occurs in Richard Rambusss Pleasure and Devotion: The Body of Jesus and Seventeenth-Century Religious Lyric, in which he opens up possibilities for reading eroticism (especially homoeroticism) in early modern representations of Christs body. In this analysis, Rambuss opposes Caroline Walker Bynum who, in response to Leo Steinbergs The Sexuality

Affordable Housing Is A Problem For The Working Poor

There are approximately a half million homeless people in the United States, and that number not only includes individuals but families and children. These numbers are quite astounding to me, because we live in a nation full of opportunities for anyone seeking to have a better life for their family. However, not enough affordable housing is one the main reasons for homelessness. From the late 1980, affordable housing became a problem for the working poor. ‘Despite improvements in employment, the number of people in poverty (4.8 million) and the poverty rate (15.8 percent) remained relatively steady. 26 states saw an increase in the number of people in poverty; 25 saw a decrease.’ (National Alliance to end Homelessness) The average working person living below the poverty line was unable to affordable a decent place to live and if they had a family it was even harder. Having to pay rent and mouths to feed and children in school, and making minimum wage, that paycheck will not even cover the rent, then having to work a second or 3rd job, is impossible for one person. If they fall short one month, that can lead to total disaster for that family. Then the family is faced with eviction and nowhere to go, but can sometimes do what’s called doubling up with friends or family, but that is only a temporary solution. So now that we know that homelessness can be cause by †¢ Lack of affordable housing †¢ Eviction †¢ Low wages/unemployment †¢ Mental illness †¢ Poverty â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedThe Affordability Problem Of Washington State1709 Words   |  7 Pages The affordability problem is across all states and largely affects the working wage earners and below.(Housing Needs Assessment, 2015 booklet page 297) This is because throughout the nation there is a large differences between minimum wage, housing wage, and the affordable units available. As noted earlier in the essay, King County is experiencing a huge affordable housing Crisis. The 2015 Housing Needs Assessment indicated that there are only 28 affordable units for every 100 extremely cost burdenRead MoreHomelessness : A Serious Social Problem1464 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a serious social problem in most American cities. Homeless people are those who sleep in the open air or in provisional accommodation such as shelters or hotels, have no settlement after expulsion or release from jail or hospital, or dwell provisionally with relatives or friends on account of shortage o f housing (Crane et al. 154-155). American economy has developed very fast since 1980s, but homeless population has been increasing. They seem to be seen here and there in public placeRead MoreHomelessness : The United States1214 Words   |  5 Pageslive in their previous homes. 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Sandro Botticelli The Renaissance Artist Essay - 1118 Words

Sandro Botticelli, born Alessandro Mariano Filipepi, was the son of a tanner. He was born in Florence around 1445 and showed a talent for painting at a very early age. Botticelli was first apprenticed under a goldsmith named Sandro, from whom it is believed he derived his nickname. At the age of sixteen, he served an apprenticeship with the painter Fra Filippo Lippi (Durant, 1953). From Lippi he learned to create the effect of transparency, to draw outlines, and to give his pictures fluidity and harmony. He also worked with painter and engraver Antonio del Pollaiuolo, from whom he gained his sense of line. By 1470, Botticelli had his own workshop and had developed a highly personal style characterized by elegant execution, a sense of†¦show more content†¦Botticelli was influenced less by exciting scientific rules for drawing than by the thinking of humanists such as Ficino and the religious fervor that swept through Florence when the French invaded Italy. Botticelli’s brilliant drawings did not contain the grace and charm as those of Ficino, but were definite and strong. His paintings are not so much illustrations of his subjects as they are the subjects themselves (Magill, 1989). It is as though the apprehension of eternal beauty and perfection were itself a matter composed of his rhythmical lines, soothing colors, and elongated shapes. Botticelli’s allegorical paintings, including â€Å"Primavera† and â€Å"The Birth of Venus,† are his most successful and best-known works. These paintings are largely undocumented but can be dated in the late 1470s. Their exact meaning, as well as the circumstances surrounding their commissioning, is still uncertain. Precise identification of the figures is frustrated by the fact that Botticelli’s female types rarely change. This observation has lead critics to believe that the allegories were partially intended as exemplars. In the 1490s, Botticelli experienced a religious crisis. 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His real name was Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi; his nickname came from Botticello (little barrel), which was either the nickname of his older brother or the name of the goldsmith who first taught him. Botticelli was born in Florence to the tanner Marianno di Vanni and his wife in a small place called Smeralda which is now Borgo Ognissanti No. 28 in Florence. He was one of eight children born to his parents,Read MoreThe Essential Nature Of Art1440 Words   |  6 Pagesbeautiful, and valid. It expresses the emotions that the artists feel, and it provides decoration through his medium. During the Renaissance, wealthy families would contract artists to create works of art as a financial investment and also as a way to flaunt their wealth. Today, wealthy families purchase works of art in a similar manner; as a financial investment and as a way to show off their wealth. The difference between the Renaissance era and today is that the medium has changed. Although artRead MoreThe Birth Of Venus By Alessandro Di Mariano Filipepi1131 Words   |  5 PagesAlessandro Di Mariano Filipepi, or his most prestigious surname Sandro Botticelli, was born on March 1, 1455 in Florence, Italy. He woul d go to become of the most renowned painters of the early Renaissance period in Florence. One of his most sought-after paintings was that of the â€Å"Birth of Venus†, where he depicted a Roman goddess and the poetic movement of illustration and humanism. Botticelli would then go on to create over one hundred more paintings in his lifetime that are still the subject ofRead MoreSandro Botticelli1261 Words   |  6 PagesSandro Botticelli | Probable self-portrait of Botticelli, in hisAdoration of the Magi  (1475). | Birth name | Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi | Born | c. 1445[1] Florence,  Republic of Florence, (now  Italy) | Died | May 17, 1510 (aged  64–65) Florence,  Republic of Florence, (now  Italy) | Nationality | Italian | Field | Painting | Training | Filippo Lippi Andrea del Verrocchio | Movement | Italian Renaissance | Works | Primavera The Birth of Venus The Adoration of the Magi Other WorksRead MoreSandro Botticelli Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesBotticelli is one of the most famous artists during the Italian Renaissance. He was very well know for the portrayal of the female figure and his ability to incorporate femininity as a symbol of life itself and/or nature illustrated by the changes of seasons. 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Some of the world’s most famous artists were working during this time period, including Leonardo da Vinci, and other artists like Sandro Botticelli and Lorenzo GhibertiRead MoreEssay on Birth of Venus1018 Words   |  5 Pagestoward the farmland. †¢ Vertical balance can be seen with the firm horizon line that separates a bleak landscape with a bleaker sky, where most of the visual weight in the composition occurs in the lower half of the painting. Formal Elements: †¢ The artist uses lines to outline forms and evoke movement. In this painting, firm lines carve out the figures from the rigid horizontal of the horizon and the verticals of the trees. Straight lines carry the breath of Zephyr from the left and the curved linesRead MoreThe Birth Of Venus By Sandro Botticelli And The Poem Stanze Per La Giostra By Angelo Poliziano1651 Words   |  7 PagesBeholder The two works of art that I have chosen is the painting The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli and the poem Stanze per la Giostra by Angelo Poliziano. The Birth of Venus was created between 1484 and 1486 by Sandro Botticelli. It was created in the early Renaissance period and is currently located in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. Stanze per la Giostra was written between 1475 and 1478 by the Renaissance poet Angelo Poliziano. Its current location is the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New

Cis 502 Technical Paper Week 10 Assignment Risk Assessment

CIS 502 Technical Paper Week 10 Assignment Risk Assessment http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/cis-502-technical-paper-week-10-assignment-risk-assessment/ To Get this Tutorial Copy Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) CIS 502 Technical Paper – Week 10 Assignment Risk Assessment CIS 502 Week 10 Technical Paper Technical Paper: Risk Assessment Global Finance, Inc. Internet OC193 10Gbps Remote Dial UpUsers OC193 10Gbps DMZ Border (Core) Routers Distribution Routers VPN Gateway 10Gbps RAS PBX Printers Mgmt (x3) Credit Dept Finance Accounting Worstations Printers Worstations (x5) LoanDept†¦show more content†¦The trusted computing base (TCB) internal network in the Global Finance, Inc. Network Diagram hosts the company’s mission critical systems without which the company’s operations and financial situation would suffer. The Oracle database and email systems are among the most intensively used application servers in the company. GFI cannot afford system outages because its cash flow and financial systems heavily depend on the network stability. GFI has experienced DOS network attacks twice this year and its Oracle database and email servers had been down for a week. The recovery process required GFI to use $25,000 to restore its operations back to normal. GFI estimated the loss from these network attacks at more than $100,000 including lost customer confidence. Write a twelve to fifteen (12-15) page formal risk assessment proposal and redraw the above diagram of a secure and risk-mitigating model in which you: 1. Describe the company network, interconnection, and communication environment. 2. Assess risk based on the Global Finance, Inc. Network Diagram scenario. Note: Your risk assessment should cover all the necessary details for your client, GFI Inc., to understand the risk factors of the organization and risk posture of the current environment. The company management will decide what to mitigate based on your risk assessment. Your risk assessment must be comprehensive for the organization to make data-driven decisions. a. Describe andShow MoreRelatedQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesThis book was typeset in 10/12 Times by Aptara, Inc., and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The paper in this book was manufactured by a mill whose forest management programs include sustained yield harvesting of its timberlands. Sustained yield harvesting principles ensure that the number of trees cut each year does not exceed the amount of new growth. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009 by JohnRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesand intangible resources. Remember: Firms have many resources. At this point, if you have the skills and time, you can analyse the ï ¬ nancial information that almost all cases provide. This provides material for a ï ¬ nancial resources paragraph. STEP 10 PULLING IT TOGETHER S T E P 7 C A PA B I L I T I E S I D E N T I F I C AT I O N Here you make a list of capabilities. Capabilities tell you what the ï ¬ rm can do. Remember: Each ï ¬ rm may have a dozen or more capabilities, so include someRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagespublisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to thomsonrights@thomson.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08 07 ExamView  ® and ExamViewRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesData Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the British tradition of academic accounting. Serious in intent, he has striven bothRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesDeciding on the breadth of market coverage Product positioning Summary 9 The formulation of strategy – 1: analysing the product portfolio 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 10 Learning objectives Introduction The development of strategic perspectives Models of portfolio analysis Market attractiveness and business position assessment Criticisms of portfolio analysis Summary The formulation of strategy – 2: generic strategies and the significance of competitive advantage 10.1 Learning objectives 10

Tsunami in Japan Free Essays

The massive wave of water, as high as 10 metres in some parts, reached more than five kilometres inland. The meteorological agency issued its top-level evacuation alerts for the entire Japanese coast amid warnings of a tsunami of between six and 10 metres. Towns and farms around Sendai city in northern Japan have been engulfed by a seven-metre tsunami, while a four-metre wave swamped parts of Kamaishi on the Pacific coast. We will write a custom essay sample on Tsunami in Japan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Residents have been ordered to high ground and stay away from the coast as tsunamis can strike in several waves. Seismologists say the quake was 160 times more powerful than the one that devastated Christchurch last month. Japanese television has shown pictures of a wall of water kilometres wide moving its way across the countryside, engulfing everything in its path. The Cosmo oil refinery in Chiba prefecture outside Tokyo has exploded, sending flames dozens of metres into the air, with firefighters unable to contain the inferno. It is one of more than 40 blazes burning across Japan. â€Å"An earthquake of this size has the potential to generate a destructive tsunami that can strike coastlines near the epicentre within minutes and more distant coastlines within hours,† the agency said. A tsunami warning has been issued across the wider Pacific including Russia, the territories of Guam, Taiwan, the Philippines, the Marshall Islands, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Nauru, Micronesia and Hawaii. Russia has evacuated 11,000 people from areas that could be affected, including Kuril islands and Sakhalin island. Hawaii has also ordered evacuations. The Bureau of Meteorology says there is no tsunami threat to Australia. The quake, already considered one of the worst in Japan’s history, struck about 382 kilometres north-east of Tokyo at a depth of 24 kilometres, the US Geological Survey said. The USGS reported at least eight strong aftershocks, including a 6. 8 quake on the mainland 66 kilometres north-east of Tokyo. How to cite Tsunami in Japan, Papers

I didnt like the feeling of limits Essay Example For Students

I didnt like the feeling of limits Essay I didnt like the feeling of limits. I was use to running, playing, cruising, and exploring. That all changed school was a drag and I was limited to run, to sleep comfortably, to eat raw fish and crab, and limited to be free. It was like a jail cell for me. I am the second oldest out of my two sisters and one brother. Before I got pregnant I could outrun my younger brother any day, but that changed too. I cannot handle not being active for a long time. I like to explore and be active in sports or activities. For seven months too many things were going through my mindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. What are they thinking of me? They are not making me have an abortion! Is my baby going to be healthy? Am I going to survive my labor and delivery? The fact of fear was getting to my head. Things were getting even scarier as my due date got closer. Having to deal with my boyfriends family was really hard, harsh words were said and I could feel their rage. Conflicts built up anger in me and I started stressing out a lot, I was scared that I would kill my baby with my stress and anger. I tried to find ways to distract my thoughts and feelings so I found a hobby. Parents and in-laws helped me start this hobby. Although, I have made over fifty pairs of earrings, this hobby only kept me from thinking and stressing about my feelings and thoughts. In my final month of pregnancy contractions were getting stronger each day, its like very bad menstrual cramps every day. As days got closer I stayed at a hotel closest to the hospital with family one weekend. That weekend wasnt the weekend my baby decided to show her face to the world. She wanted to wait four days later. On the bed in the delivery room I sat and waited to dilate fully. Watching family walk in and out, I was in a time capsule. Dont remember what was going on. Focused on contractions, trying to train my mind into thinking that this pain was the least of my worries, and the worst was yet to come. Everything was at a soft tone, doctor walks in and at seven centimeters of dilation she decides to ask me if I want to take epidural. Her question made me think twice. After training myself into being comfortable with the pain I lost focus and just wanted to get rid of all this pain. Debating with myself the doctor gave me a couple more minutes. I called her back in and I asked for the epidural. Not only did I feel disappointed with my decision, because I didnt plan to take epidural, but my mother did too. Doctors came in with all their equipment. A needle going through my spine wasnt painful at all. A few seconds later I was numb from my waist and down. NO PAIN at all. It was great not to feel any pain. An hour later I delivered my baby. March 9, 2006 baby Sapphire Beatrix Moeuhanekamaluhialani Kehaulani Tulipa osovale Akiona-Savini was born. She was seven pounds and nineteen inches long. Holding her for the first time and looking into her eyes brought tears of joy and happiness to my eyes. She is my pride and joy. I have achieved a great accomplishment. This is an experience that only a woman truly knows what its like. After all the excitement I was exhausted and went to sleep. We were required to stay at the hospital for two days. Those two days was painful and tiring. Both nights there was not enough rest. First days of me being a parent was dreadful. .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e , .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .postImageUrl , .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e , .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e:hover , .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e:visited , .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e:active { border:0!important; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e:active , .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26842db265ce7a6b5d67976b6d84a90e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Agreement Essay ThesisMy boyfriend stayed with me those two nights to keep me company. I never dreamed of staying at a hospital overnight at this age. Even though I am young I discovered a lot from being a parent. Typical teenage things like clubbing and drinking at beaches didnt interest me at all. Those two days of being a parent made me realize these facts. The day of my release from the hospital would be the day of my baby shower. Friends and family would see my baby and paranoia will build up because of everyone touching her. You can never be too careful. Things changed after she was born. Not only for me, but the people around me changed too. At six months old Sapphire and I have bonded really well. She is a smart and strong girl. She knows that she is spoiled by many and she knows what she wants. However, I feel a lot freer. I exercise when I can and I am able to do more. These things I can do with her by my side. Depression would get me at times because I didnt look the same as before I got pregnant because of my weight. But that all changed. I lost thirty pounds and only seven pounds away from my usual weight. Now that I feel more secure with myself I am happier. Everything with my boyfriends parents seems fine now. Having a meeting with them brought their rage down. This is their first grandchild and they really love her. While I am in school family members would be watching my baby. I get paranoid because toddlers are around her and they dont fully understand how fragile infants are, but until my baby is old enough to defend herself physically and mentally then my paranoia will go away. Although a lot of people think school is a dread, after taking a break from school for months because of pregnancy, made me realize how much I miss it. Being in school makes me happier. I like to be a good role model for my brothers and sisters it makes me feel mature and responsible. Now that I can do more I plan to pursue my dream of a fashion designer, a business owner, and a wonderful mom with a blessed family. This truly was a pivotal moment in my life in so many ways.

Satire Of Gullivers Travels Essays - Gullivers Travels, Houyhnhnm

Satire Of Gulliver's Travels In Gulliver's Travels, Jonathan Swift makes a satirical attack on humanity. In the final book, Swift takes a stab at humanity by simultaneously criticizing physiological, mental, and spiritual aspects of humans. Literary critics Ronald Knowles and Irvin Ehrenpreis both agree that the last book focused entirely on satirizing humanity. The Yahoo brutes that inhabit Houyhnhnm Land are a despicable species that have the physical appearance of humans. Though their behavior seems to be decadent and irrational, Swift shows that most of their behavior have parallels in the life of civilized humans. The Houyhnhnms seem to embody virtue and all the perfections that humans seek, but there are inconsistencies in their behavior that are reflective human faults. The Houyhnhnms do not look human in appearance, so Swift uses them to reveal hypocrisies of human thought. Throughout the book, Swift makes attacks on the religious perception of man; He also expresses disagreement with deist ideology. Ehr enpreis and Knowles have very similar opinions concerning Book IV of Gulliver's Travels, but Knowles expresses a more concrete interpretation of the satire. According to Ehrenpreis, Swift lived in John Locke's time, and takes many ideas of humanity from him. Locke said that humans tend to classify species as man by their physical appearance. If there was a man without reason, he would be a dull irrational man, and if there was an animal could express reason, they would be an intelligent and rational animal. To Ehrenpreis, the Yahoos embody an ironical reflection upon the fact that the bulk of unthinking men do in practice treat external shape as a sounder guide to humanity than reasonable conduct. Besides being more primitive than humans, Yahoos behave and function like civilized humans. Knowles points out that Yahoos fight with other groups and each other without apparent reason. Their avarice for certain shiny stones of no practical use lead to more fighting and theft. In more contemporary or civilized societies, those shiny stones can be paralleled to material possessions such as jewelry. Knowles observes that like humans, Yahoos suck the juice from a particular root that produces the same affect as alcohol. Similar to many humans, the Yahoos consumed the juices without temperance. Ehrenpreis thinks that Swift uses the Yahoos to as an example of Locke's suggestion that humans are more easily identified by vice than virtue. The Houyhnhnms seem to be reasonable, rational characters. They also seem to embody good virtues that humans strive to achieve. Ehrenpreis and Knowles both find inconsistencies in the depiction of Houyhnhnms. Ehrenpreis believes that the paradoxes in the writing are supposed to reflect paradoxes of human thought. When Gulliver first meets the inhabitants of Houyhnhnm Land, they are curious about the covering on his body. The Houyhnhnms are surprised when they first see him take off his hat; It is a reasonable and natural reaction since the Houyhnhnms do not wear clothing. Ehrenpreis argues that repeated occurrences show that Houyhnhnm thought revolves around being a horse. He thinks that is reflective of the anthropocentricity of humans. An example of the anthropocentricity of humans is the attempt to communicate with babies. A newborn does not know any human languages, but adults often assume that the baby is trying to talk to them when they make meaningless noises. Knowles thinks t hat the Houyhnhnms are not ideal characters, but reflections of humans. If the whinny, neighing like sounds are eliminated from Houyhnhnm, the word Hounum is a jumbled pronunciation of human. According to Knowles, the Houyhnhnm society implies that their beliefs ore founded on self-deception. The limits of my language mean the limits of my world. The Houyhnhnm language did not have negative words like war, deceit, and evil. By the quote above, Ludwig Wittgenstein suggests that Houyhnhnms could not have a true sense of good if they did not know what evil was. The Houyhnhnms also embody a sense of arrogance and bias that exists in humans. Their only sense of evil is in terms of the Yahoos. That is reflective of some governing institutions that blame others as the source of corruption and evil. Historically, groups like gypsies, Armenians, and Jews have fallen under that category of scapegoats. When the Houyhnhnms observe Gulliver, they

Racism and the law

Racism and the law Free Online Research Papers In the 1900 a prominent English scholar Gilbert Murray said: â€Å"There is in the world a hierarchy of races†¦[some] will direct and rule the others, and the lower work of the world will tend in the long run to be done by the lower breeds of men. This we of the ruling colour will no doubt accept as obvious.† (Walker; 1997) It was very true at the time; everywhere you looked you could see that white people were in charge. Canada has faced many obstacles in the 19th century. It has been fighting a never-ending war against Racism in Canada. It has modified or created many laws to help try to combat the discrimination that exists within our country. Canada has modified its immigration act to make it less discriminatory. It has created the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to bring equality to everyone and it has, created human rights acts to protect people of different races. Before we talk about the laws that Canada has put into motion to help combat racism we must first define what racism is. The term Racism is hard to define. Racism is more then just an attitude; it is a policy or practice of persecution or domination by one group over another. Due to this explanation the word racism is not found in statutes or court decisions to the same extent as the word discrimination. Discrimination in the ordinary sense of the word means to treat a person or group differently because of prejudice. However in the legal sense this definition had been expanded to include human rights. Today the word discrimination can include concepts such as adverse effect, or unintentional discrimination, and harassment. Both discrimination and racism come from prejudice. In short prejudice means to pre-judge. In other words to have negative attitudes towards a person based on stereotypical thinking about the group which the person belongs to. This stereotypical thinkin! g comes from believing that all people in one group have the same characteristics. There are no laws which prohibit racism because you cannot control a persons state of mind only his actions. (Cohen; 1987) In Canada the road to racism is compared by John Boyko to ladder the first rung being stereotypes. These stereotypes are brought to existence by popular culture such as newspapers, magazines, cartoons, and movies. The next rung is prejudice, which is the belief that stereotypes are true. These beliefs are portrayed in phrases such as, â€Å"They are all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"Those people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  prejudice only looks at groups not individuals. The next rung is discrimination which is an action based on prejudice. For example an employer not hiring someone because they believe the stereotypes about the group that that person belong to. The next rung that Boyko talks about is sanctioned discrimination. This is where the discrimination becomes entrenched in our laws and practices. After that the next step is systematic racism, which is seen in laws that promote segregation. This step leads to the next step, a need to purify the nation through exclusion or expulsion. And final ly that last step, which i! s genocide, the deliberate extermination of a race. (Boyko; 1998) In this essay I would like to talk about the 5th step in the ladder, sanctioned discrimination. Canada, which prides itself on being a multicultural nation, has a history of sanctioned discrimination. It is only in the lat 2 or 3 decades that Canada has really tried to change it legislations to help combat discrimination. The first thing I would like to talk about is Immigration in Canada. In our country one out of every six people are born outside of Canada. Canada sees immigration as positive, something that helps us prosper economically and helps us to be more tolerant of other people. This view has not always been true. There was a time in Canadian history when Canada did not embrace the immigrant. In fact Canada’s immigration laws use to be full of racist tendencies. (Jakubowski in Comack, 1999) In 1945, Canada director of Immigration, A.L. Jolliffe, wrote: â€Å"The claim is sometimes made that Canada’s immigration laws reflect class and race discrimination: they do, and necessarily so. Some form of discrimination cannot be avoided if immigration is to be effectively controlled in order to prevent the creation in Canada of expanding non-assailable racial groups.†(Cohen: 1987) Discriminatory immigration laws may appear in many different forms. For example immigration laws may expressly apply only to a particular group. This happened in the case of the Chinese immigration Act. In the last half of the 1800’s Chinese were admitted in large numbers to help work on the railroad. The government encouraged Chinese immigration at this point to do the work that few others would do. Once the railroad was finished however and the need for Chinese workers diminished the government passed the Chinese immigration act (1885). This act put a head tax of $50 a head on all Chinese wishing to enter the country. The opposition to Chinese immigration grew within the country and by 1903 the head tax was $500 a person. In 1923 a new act was put in place the forbid the entry of all Chinese with certain narrow exceptions, Chinese within Canada could not sponsor relatives born in China. This act had a great impact on Chinese immigration between 1923 and 1947 only 44 Chinese immigrants came to Canada legally. (Cohen: 1987) Another example of racist tendencies in immigration came with the Jews and Wartime Immigration policy. During the Second World War thousands of Jews sought refugee from Nazi persecution. Although the government did not actually pass a law not permitting Jews into the country they did execute policies designed to obstruct Jewish immigration. Many of these polices were executed on an informal basis. This memo from the department of External Affairs and Immigration in 1938 reveals such a policy. We do not want too many Jews, but in the present circumstances we do not want to say so. We do not want to legitimize the Aryan mythology by introducing any formal distinction for immigration purposes between Jews and non-Jews. The practical distinction, however, has to be made and should be drawn with discretion and sympathy by the competent authorities, without the need to lay down formal minute of policy. (Boyko 1998) These are just two of the examples of past discrimination against certain group there are many others including The Japanese War measures Act, and The East Indian and the Continuous passage rule. So what has Canada done to improve on these racist immigration laws? Until recently nothing, there were no legal protections against racially exclusionary laws and practices. It was not until 1967 when Canada passed a new universal immigration act. That is people who apply to become Canadian Citizens are no longer judged by the colour of their skin, their religion or their ethnicity. In other words the immigration system, which had once used race-related factors to determine entrants is now seemingly â€Å"colour-blind†. (Cohen: 1987) Now the system determines its applicant on a system of points. Applicants gain points through amount of education, occupation, age, personal suitability, ect. This system is said to be universal because every person is evaluated with the same criteria. With the implementation of this new universal system Canada’s immigration act has become much less discriminatory. (Boyko: 1998) The next major advancement that Canada has made to combat discrimination in Canada came with the Creation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Charter of Rights And Freedoms is one part of the Canadian Constitution, which is made up as a serious of laws rather then on document. The Charter offers a number of different crucial protections to minorities. There are three sections to the charter that should be examined when we look at racial discrimination; these are section 2, 15 and 27. Section 2 of the Charter of rights and freedoms provides that everyone has certain fundamental freedoms, including freedom of religion. According to this act every individual has the right to â€Å"entertain such religious beliefs as the person chooses, the right to declare religious beliefs openly and without fear of hindrance or reprisal, and the right to manifest religious belief by worship and practice or by teaching, and dissemination† It also guaranties the absence of coercion and restraint. The next section 15 may be the most useful to minority groups. This section among other things states that every individual is equal under the law and has the right to equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination. This section has been very influential in the advancement of such groups as the Indians. The Indian Act governs most of Indian lives, this act has been a means for the government to control Indian matters since 1876. In the past the Act has placed constraints on the rights of and lifestyles of the Indian people. For years the Indians could not leave the reserves, even temporarily without a pass. Section 15 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms helped to remove many of the discriminatory acts that were in the Indian Act. The last Section that I want to discuss is section 27. It states that the charter will be interpreted in a manner â€Å"Consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians† One example of how this section is influential in helping minority groups was in the â€Å"Keegstra Incident† James Keegstra was a teacher who taught his students many anti-Semitic theories. He was charged with promoting hatred contrary to criminal code. He challenged the criminal code on the basis that is violated his freedom of expression guaranteed in the Charter of rights and freedoms. The court refereed to section 27 when they rejected Keegstra’s argument, noting that promotion of hatred contradicts the principles, which recognize the dignity and worth of minorities. (Schneiderman: 1997) There are other sections of the Charter that are useful in protecting minority groups such as Section 3 that gives everyone the right to vote in an election and to be qualified for member of parliament. Chinese and Japanese Canadian were denied the right to vote until the 1940s, and native persons were not allowed to vote until1960. Section 6 gives every Canadian citizen the right to leave remain, and enter Canada. This offers protection against such act as the War measures Act that was invoked in WWII when Canada attempted to deport Japanese Canadians. (Cohen: 1987) The last thing I would like to talk about in Canada’s war against discrimination is the Human Rights Acts. The human rights acts are the most significant legal protection in the field of race relations. The prohibit discrimination in such fields as accommodation, facilities, services, contracts, and employment. The first Human Right Act in Canada was the Racial Discrimination Act of 1944. This act prohibited the publication, display or broadcast of anything indicting an intention to discriminate on the bases of race or creed. This act was ment to get rid of such sign like â€Å"No Jews or Dogs Allowed† which were in shop windows. The Fair employment and accommodation acts came next. In the 1950s these acts set the basic structure for human rights. These acts were ineffective because there was no real enforcement it was up to the individual to pursue discriminatory acts by themselves. The real revolution came in 1962 with the Ontario Human rights Code. This code prohibited discrimination on the bases of race, creed, colour, nationality, ancestry, or place of origin. Today all the Canadian provinces and the Territories have anti-discrimination laws. (Knopff: 1989) There are some people who say that Canada has not come as far as they think. In the case of immigration even though people are being evaluated all on the same basis there are some people who come from countries where they can not obtain the necessary requirements to come to Canada should these people be excluded because their country does not offer education, or they can not find a job. The immigration act does however provide away for these people to get around the points system by applying to become an immigrant using refugee standing. Another argument is that the Charter of Rights and Freedoms is not absolute. A person must appeal to the courts when they feel their rights have been violated it is then up to the court to decided whether or not a persons rights have been violated and whether they should be compensated. Therefore in the end it may come down to one judge’s interpretation of the charter. However at least now minority groups do have the resources available to ! fight back. In the end it is clear that Canada is winning the war it is fighting within its country. Although we are not raising arms and we are not killing people we are beginning to advance. Through the creation of the Charter of rights and Freedoms, the establishment of human right legislation and the changes we have made in the immigration act Canada can honestly say it is trying to create a county were multiculturalism is word you can use to describe the population. A place where a person can live, as an individual without discrimination. It is just to bad we need laws to ensure this. Bibliography Backhouse Constance, Colour- Coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950, Toronto, Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History, 1999 Boyko John, Last Steps to Freedom: The evolution of Canadian Racism, Manitoba, Watson Dwyer Publishing ltd., 1998 Cohen Tannis, Race Relation and the Law, 1987 Comack Elizabeth and others Locating Law, Halifax, Fernwood Publishing, 1999 Driedger Leo and Shiva Halli, Race and Racism Canada’s Challenge, Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000 Knopff Rainer, Human Rights Social Technology, Ottawa, Carlton University Press, 1990 Schnederman David and Kate Sutherland, Charting the Consequences: The Impact of the Charter of rights on Canadian law and Politics, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1997. Walker James, â€Å"Race,† Rights and the Law in the Supreme Court of Canada, Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1997 Research Papers on Racism and the lawWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

About the Perseid Meteor Shower

About the Perseid Meteor Shower The Perseid meteor shower is one of the best-known showers in the year. Its one of the great astronomy events of Northern Hemisphere summer and Southern Hemisphere winter. It begins in late July and extends halfway through August, peaking around August 11 or 12th. When conditions are good, you might be able to see dozens of meteors per hour. It all really depends on the weather and what part of the meteor stream Earth moves through each year. Also, the viewing is best when theres no interference from the Moon, although you can still see the brighter meteors as they flash through the sky.   This year (2017) the peak of the shower occurs not long after full moon, so its light will wash out the view of the dimmer meteors. You will likely see a few bright meteors during this time, but dont buy into the hype about the best, the brightest shower.   Its hype and probably clickbait. Do your viewing armed with reasonable expectations and you will be rewarded (unless its cloudy).   What Causes the Perseids? The Perseid meteor shower is really material left behind by Comet Swift-Tuttle. It passes through our part of the solar system every 133 years. As it travels, this icy dirtball leaves behind tiny grains of ice, dust, rock, and other debris, similar to a messy tourist scattering debris from an automobile. As Earth makes its trip around the Sun, it passes through this debris field with some spectacular results, which we know as the Perseids. As Earth moves through the stream - which can stretch across 14 million to 120 million kilometers of interplanetary space -   its gravity interacts with the particles and spreads the stream out. As the comet passes by, it releases new bursts of particles, constantly refreshing the supply of material that will eventually collide with Earths atmosphere. The stream changes constantly, and this affects future Perseid meteor shower events. Sometimes Earth passes through rather thick areas of the stream, and that results in a heavy meteor shower. Other times, it traverses a thin part of the stream, and we dont see quite so many meteors.   Although there are many meteor showers annually, such as the Leonids, Lyrids, and Geminids, to name a few, the Perseid shower is the most reliable, and can be very spectacular if conditions are right. How it looks depends on several factors - ranging from whether the Moon is nearby (and bright enough to wash out the view) - to what part of the stream Earth encounters. The stream is not uniformly thick with particles, so some years the supply of materials might be less than others. In any given year, observers see anywhere from 50 to 150 meteors an hour on average, increasing at times to around 400 to 1,000 per hour.   The Perseid meteor shower, like other meteor showers, is named after the constellation from which it appears to radiate:  Perseus  (named after a Greek mythological hero)  which is located near Cassiopeia, the Queen. This is also called the radiant, since that is the direction the meteors seem to travel from as they streak across the sky. How Do I View the Perseid Meteor Shower? Meteor showers are easier to view than many other astronomical objects or events. All you need is a fairly dark location and a blanket or lawn chair. Always make sure you have a jacket handy, even if you live in a warm weather climate. Viewing late at night and early in the morning can expose you to some chilly temperatures. It may be useful to have a star chart  to help you locate Perseus, and other constellations while you’re watching, but it’s not a necessity. The shower is active from mid-July each year  when Earth enters the outer edges of the Swift-Tuttle stream.  The best viewing time varies but is often between 2:00 and 4:00 a.m. around the 12th of August. The actual peak time ranges from the 9th to the 14th and then tapers off after that. For August 2017, the best viewing time is after midnight early in the morning of August 12th. There will be some interference from the Moon, which will be just past full. But, you should still be able to see the brightest ones. Also, start watching a few nights before and continue a few nights after; Perseids happen for nearly three weeks. Find a good, safe viewing area where you can get a clear view of the sky. Arrive early to set up, and  give yourself time to adjust your eyes to the darkness. Then, just sit (or lie) back, relax, and enjoy the show. Most of the meteors will appear to radiate from the constellation Perseus, and streak across the sky. As you gaze, make note of the colors of the meteors as they streak through the sky. If you see bolides (larger streaks), note how long they take to traverse the sky  and notice their colors, too. The Perseids can be a very rewarding observing experience for anybody - from younger children to experienced stargazers.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

SEO Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEO - Research Paper Example AVG representatives professionally practice aggregation, where, they collect most relevant content about information security in a single post and then address the almost all the available solutions to data vulnerabilities. Goal is brand that is widely excelling in the advertisement of football topics. This is in the industry of sports, particularly, football. To be precise, through the application of aggregation and chronology as its content curation styles, the company has been successful to market itself to a very large number of clients all around the globe. As aforementioned earlier, aggregation is about active collection of most relevant data about a topic into a single post while chronology entails laying out a particular set of information or topic on the basis of historical timeline (DeMers, 2014). In this sense, Goal applies aggregation by collecting the most up to date football information and dispense on its web pages. Additionally, the company further provides information regarding occurrences of different football topics over a certain period of time, thus, acting as a key source historical data about

Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Health - Essay Example blishment of health care organizations such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the government has been able to provide effective guidelines to the communities. This paper seeks to identify five areas of public health guidance that are provided by NICE on type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the paper will also discuss the role of other organizations in producing the guidance as well as evaluation of the social, political, economical and environmental aspects facilitating the public health guidance. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence aims at providing national guidance to improve health and social care. Having being formed in 1999 as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, NICE is a non departmental public body that is under the department of health in UK (Sorenson et al, 2009). The renaming of National Institute for Clinical Excellence to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence came about in 2013 after the passing of the Health and Social Care Act 2012. NICE undertakes it duties by three notable ways. First, it embarks on providing evidence based guidance as well as advice for health to the social care practitioners and public health officials (Blustein, 2006). Secondly, NICE engages in developing quality standards and metrics that are used by those providing social care services and public health. Thirdly, the organization provides a range of information that across the spectrum of health care services. Since it was established in 1999 as National Institute for Clinical Excellence as indicated earlier, NICE has provided wide range of advice of effective as well as good value healthcare. During the month of April 2013, NICE was provided with a new duty that entailed providing guidance for the individuals working in a social care. Apart from encouraging healthy living to United Kingdom residents, NICE guidance emulates the necessary standards for quality health care (Boseley and Sparrow, 2008). Some of

Lazy, Decision Tree classifier and Multilayer Perceptron

Lazy, Decision Tree classifier and Multilayer Perceptron Performance Evaluation of Lazy, Decision Tree classifier and Multilayer Perceptron on Traffic Accident Analysis Abstract. Traffic and road accident are a big issue in every country. Road accident influence on many things such as property damage, different injury level as well as a large amount of death. Data science has such capability to assist us to analyze different factors behind traffic and road accident such as weather, road, time etc. In this paper, we proposed different clustering and classification techniques to analyze data. We implemented different classification techniques such as Decision Tree, Lazy classifier, and Multilayer perceptron classifier to classify dataset based on casualty class as well as clustering techniques which are k-means and Hierarchical clustering techniques to cluster dataset. Firstly we analyzed dataset by using these classifiers and we achieved accuracy at some level and later, we applied clustering techniques and then applied classification techniques on that clustered data. Our accuracy level increased at some level by using clustering techniques on datas et compared to a dataset which was classified without clustering. Keywords: Decision tree, Lazy classifier, Multilayer perceptron, K-means, Hierarchical clustering INTRODUCTION Traffic and road accident are one of the important problem across the world. Diminishing accident ratio is most effective way to improve traffic safety. There are many type of research has been done in many countries in traffic accident analysis by using different type of data mining techniques. Many researcher proposed their work in order to reduce the accident ratio by identifying risk factors which particularly impact in the accident [1-5]. There are also different techniques used to analyze traffic accident but its stated that data mining technique is more advance technique and shown better results as compared to statistical analysis. However, both methods provide appreciable outcome which is helpful to reduce accident ratio [6-13, 28, 29]. From the experimental point of view, mostly studies tried to find out the risk factors which affect the severity levels. Among most of studies explained that drinking alcoholic beverage and driving influenced more in accident [14]. It identified that drinking alcoholic beverage and driving seriously increase the accident ratio. There are various studies which have focused on restraint devices like helmet, seat belts influence the severity level of accident and if these devices would have been used to accident ratio had decreased at certain level [15]. In addition, few studies have focused on identifying the group of drivers who are mostly involved in accident. Elderly drivers whose age are more than 60 years, they are identified mostly in road accident [16]. Many studies provided different level of risk factors which influenced more in severity level of accident. Lee C [17] stated that statistical approaches were good option to analyze the relation between in various risk factors and accident. Although, Chen and Jovanis [18] identified that there are some problem like large contingency table during analyzing big dimensional dataset by using statistical techniques. As well as statistical approach also have their own violation and assumption which can bring some error results [30-33]. Because of these limitation in statistical approach, Data techniques came into existence to analyze data of road accident. Data mining often called as knowledge or data discovery. This is set of techniques to achieve hidden information from large amount of data. It is shown that there are many implementation of data mining in transportation system like pavement analysis, roughness analysis of road and road accident analysis. Data mining techniques has been the most widely used techniques in field like agriculture, medical, transportation, business, industries, engineering and many other scientific fields [21-23]. There are many diverse data mining methodologies such as classification, association rules and clustering has been extensivally used for analyzing dataset of road accident [19-20]. Geurts K [24] analyzed dataset by using association rule mining to know the different factors that happens at very high frequency road accident areas on Belgium road. Depaire [25] analyzed dataset of road accident in Belgium by using different clustering techniques and stated that clustered based data can extract better information as compared without clustered data. Kwon analyzed dataset by using Decision Tree and NB classifiers to factors which is affecting more in road accident. Kashani [27] analyzed dataset by using classification and regression algorithm to analyze accident ratio in Iran and achieved that there a re factors such as wrong overtaking, not using seat belts, and badly speeding affected the severity level of accident. METHODOLOGY This research work focus on casualty class based classification of road accident. The paper describe the k-means and Hierarchical clustering techniques for cluster analysis. Moreover, Decision Tree, Lazy classifier and Multilayer perceptron used in this paper to classify the accident data. Clustering Techniques Hierarchical Clustering Hierarchical clustering is also known as HCS (Hierarchical cluster analysis). It is unsupervised clustering techniques which attempt to make clusters hierarchy. It is divided into two categories which are Divisive and Agglomerative clustering. Divisive Clustering: In this clustering technique, we allocate all of the inspection to one cluster and later, partition that single cluster into two similar clusters. Finally, we continue repeatedly on every cluster till there would be one cluster for every inspection. Agglomerative method: It is bottom up approach. We allocate every inspection to their own cluster. Later, evaluate the distance between every clusters and then amalgamate the most two similar clusters. Repeat steps second and third until there could be one cluster left. The algorithm is given below   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   X set A of objects {a1, a2,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦an}   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Distance function is d1 and d2   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   For j=1 to n   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   dj={aj}   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   end for   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   D= {d1, d2,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..dn}   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Y=n+1   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   while D.size>1 do -(dmin1, dmin2)=minimum distance (dj, dk) for all dj, dk in all D -Delete dmin1 and   dmin2   from D -Add (dmin1, dmin2) to D -Y=Y+1   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   end while K-modes clustering Clustering is an data mining technique which use unsupervised learning, whose major aim is to categorize the data features into a distinct type of clusters in such a way that features inside a group are more alike than the features in different clusters. K-means technique is an extensively used clustering technique for large numerical data analysis. In this, the dataset is grouped into k-clusters. There are diverse clustering techniques available but the assortment of appropriate clustering algorithm rely on the nature and type of data. Our major objective of this work is to differentiate the accident places on their frequency occurrence. Lets assume thatX and Y is a matrix of m by n matrix of categorical data. The straightforward closeness coordinating measure amongst X and Y is the quantity of coordinating quality estimations of the two values. The more noteworthy the quantity of matches is more the comparability of two items. K-modes algorithm can be explained as:   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   d (Xi,Yi)=   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   (1)   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Where   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   - (2) Classification Techniques Lazy Classifier Lazy classifier save the training instances and do no genuine work until classification time. Lazy classifier is a learning strategy in which speculation past the preparation information is postponed until a question is made to the framework where the framework tries to sum up the training data before getting queries. The main advantage of utilizing a lazy classification strategy is that the objective scope will be exacted locally, for example, in the k-nearest neighbor. Since the target capacity is approximated locally for each question to the framework, lazy classifier frameworks can simultaneously take care of various issues and arrangement effectively with changes in the issue field. The burdens with lazy classifier incorporate the extensive space necessity to store the total preparing dataset. For the most part boisterous preparing information expands the case bolster pointlessly, in light of the fact that no idea is made amid the preparation stage and another detriment is that lazy classification strategies are generally slower to assess, however this is joined with a quicker preparing stage. K Star The K star can be characterized as a strategy for cluster examination which fundamentally goes for the partition of n perception into k-clusters, where every perception has a location with the group to the closest mean. We can depict K star as an occurrence based learner which utilizes entropy as a separation measure. The advantages are that it gives a predictable way to deal with treatment of genuine esteemed attributes, typical attributes and missing attributes. K star is a basic, instance based classifier, like K Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). New data instance, x, are doled out to the class that happens most every now and again among the k closest information focuses, yj, where j = 1, 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ k. Entropic separation is then used to recover the most comparable occasions from the informational index. By method for entropic remove as a metric has a number of advantages including treatment of genuine esteemed qualities and missing qualities. The K star function can be ascertained a s: K*(yi, x)=-ln P*(yi, x) Where P* is the likelihood of all transformational means from instance x to y. It can be valuable to comprehend this as the likelihood that x will touch base at y by means of an arbitrary stroll in IC highlight space. It will performed streamlining over the percent mixing proportion parameter which is closely resembling K-NN sphere of influence, before appraisal with other Machine Learning strategies. IBK (K Nearest Neighbor) Its a k-closest neighbor classifier technique that utilize a similar separation metric. The quantity of closest neighbors may be illustrated unequivocally in the object editor or determined consequently utilizing blow one cross-approval center to a maximum point of confinement provided by the predetermined esteem. IBK is the knearest-neighbor classifier. A sort of divorce pursuit calculations might be used to quicken the errand of identifying the closest neighbors. A direct inquiry is the default yet promote decision blend ball trees, KD-trees, thus called cover trees. The dissolution work used is a parameter of the inquiry strategy. The rest of the thing is alike one the basis of IBL-which is called Euclidean separation; different alternatives blend Chebyshev, Manhattan, and Minkowski separations. Forecasts higher than one neighbor may be weighted by their distance from the test occurrence and two unique equations are implemented for altering over the distance into a weight. The qua ntity of preparing occasions kept by the classifier can be limited by setting the window estimate choice. As new preparing occasions are included, the most seasoned ones are segregated to keep up the quantity of preparing cases at this size. Decision Tree Random decision forests or random forest are a package learning techniques for regression, classification and other tasks, that perform by building a legion of decision trees at training time and resulting the class which would be the mode of the mean prediction (regression) or classes (classification) of the separate trees. Random decision forests good for decision trees routime of overfitting to their training set. In different calculations, the classification is executed recursively till each and every leaf is clean or pure, that is the order of the data ought to be as impeccable as would be prudent. The goal is dynamically speculation of a choice tree until it picks up the balance of adaptability and exactness. This technique utilized the Entropy that is the computation of disorder data. Here Entropy is measured by:   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Entropy () =   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Entropy () = Hence so total gain = Entropy () Entropy () Here the goal is to increase the total gain by dividing total entropy because of diverging arguments by value i. Multilayer Perceptron An MLP might be observed as a logistic regression classifier in which input data is firstly altered utilizing a non-linear transformation. This alteration deal the input dataset into space, and the place where this turn into linearly separable. This layer as an intermediate layer is known as a hidden layer. One hidden layer is enough to create MLPs. Formally, a single hidden layer Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is a function of f: YIà ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢YO, where I would be the input size vector x and O is the size of output vector f(x), such that, in matrix notation   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   F(x) = g(ÃŽÂ ¸(2)+W(2)(s(ÃŽÂ ¸(1)+W(1)x))) DESCRIPTION OF DATASET The traffic accident data is obtained from online data source for Leeds UK [8]. This data set comprises 13062 accident which happened since last 5 years from 2011 to 2015. After carefully analyzed this data, there are 11 attributes discovered for this study. The dataset consist attributes which are Number of vehicles, time, road surface, weather conditions, lightening conditions, casualty class, sex of casualty, age, type of vehicle, day and month and these attributes have different features like casualty class has driver, pedestrian, passenger as well as same with other attributes with having different features which was given in data set. These data are shown briefly in table 2 ACCURACY MEASUREMENT The accuracy is defined by different classifiers of provided dataset and that is achieved a percentage of dataset tuples which is classified precisely by help of different classifiers. The confusion matrix is also called as error matrix which is just layout table that enables to visualize the behavior of an algorithm. Here confusing matrix provides also an important role to achieve the efficiency of different classifiers.   There are two class labels given and each cell consist prediction by a classifier which comes into that cell. Table 1 Confusion Matrix   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Correct Labels Negative Positive Negative TN (True negative) FN (False negative) Positive FP (False positive) TP (True positive) Now, there are many factors like Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, error rate, precision, f-measures, recall and so on. TPR (Accuracy or True Positive Rate) = FPR (False Positive Rate) = Precision = Sensitivity = And there are also other factors which can find out to classify the dataset correctly. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 2 describe all the attributes available in the road accident dataset. There are 11 attributes mentioned and their code, values, total and other factors included. We divided total accident value on the basis of casualty class which is Driver, Passenger, and Pedestrian by the help of SQL. Table 2 S.NO. Attribute Code Value Total   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Casualty Class Driver Passenger Pedestrian 1. No. of vehicles 1 1 vehicle 3334 763 817 753 2 2 vehicle 7991 5676 2215 99 3+ >3 vehicle 5214 1218 510 10 2. Time T1 [0-4] 630 269 250 110 T2 [4-8] 903 698 133 71 T3 [6-12] 2720 1701 644 374 T4 [12-16] 3342 1812 1027 502 T5 [16-20] 3976 2387 990 598 T6 [20-24] 1496 790 498 207 3. Road Surface OTR Other 106 62 30 13 DR Dry 9828 5687 2695 1445 WT Wet 3063 1858 803 401 SNW Snow 157 101 39 16 FLD Flood 17 11 5 0 4. Lightening Condition DLGT Day Light 9020 5422 2348 1249 NLGT No Light 1446 858 389 198 SLGT Street Light 2598 1377 805 415 5. Weather Condition CLR Clear 11584 6770 3140 1666 FG Fog 37 26 7 3 SNY Snowy 63 41 15 6 RNY Rainy 1276 751 350 174 6. Casualty Class DR Driver PSG Passenger PDT Pedestrian 7. Sex of Casualty M Male 7758 5223 1460 1074 F Female 5305 2434 2082 788 8. Age Minor 1976 454 855 667 Youth 18-30 years 4267 2646 1158 462 Adult 30-60 years 4254 3152 742 359 Senior >60 years 2567 1405 787 374 9. Type of Vehicle BS Bus 842 52 687 102 CR Car 9208 4959 2692 1556 GDV GoodsVehicle 449 245 86 117 BCL Bicycle 1512 1476 11 24 PTV PTWW 977 876 48 52 OTR Other 79 49 18 11 10. Day WKD Weekday 9884 5980 2499 1404 WND Weekend 3179 1677 1043 458 11. Month Q1 Jan-March 3017 1731 803 482 Q2 April-June 3220 1887 907 425 Q3 July-September 3376 2021 948 406 Q4 Oct-December 3452 2018 884 549 Direct Classification Analysis We utilized different approaches to classify this bunch of dataset on the basis of casualty class. We used classifier which are Decision Tree, Lazy classifier and Multilayer perceptron. We attained some result to few level as shown in table 3 Table 3 Classifiers Accuracy Lazy classifier(K-Star) 67.7324% Lazy classifier (IBK) 68.5634% Decision Tree 70.7566% Multilayer perceptron 69.3031% We achieved some results to this given level by using these three approaches and then later we utilized different clustering techniques which are Hierarchical clustering and K-modes. Figure 1   Direct classified Accuracy Analysis by using clustering techniques In this analysis, we utilized two clustering techniques which are Hierarchical and K-modes techniques, Later we divided dataset into 9 clusters. We achieved better results by using Hierarchical as compared to K-modes techniques. Lazy Classifier Output K Star: In this, our classified result increased from 67.7324 % to 82.352%. Its sharp improvement in result after clustering. Table 4 TP Rate FP Rate Precision Recall F-Measure MCC ROC Area PRC Area Class 0.956 0.320 0.809 0.956 0.876 0.679 0.928 0.947 Driver 0.529 0.029 0.873 0.529 0.659 0.600 0.917 0.824 Passenger 0.839 0.027 0.837 0.839 0.838 0.811 0.981 0.906 Pedestrian IBK: In this, our classified result increased from 68.5634% to 84.4729%. Its sharp improvement in result after clustering. Table 5 TP Rate FP Rate Precision Recall F-Measure MCC ROC Area PRC Area Class 0.945 0.254 0.840 0.945 0.890 0.717 0.950 0.964 Driver 0.644 0.048 0.833 0.644 0.726 0.651 0.940 0.867 Passenger 0.816 0.018 0.884 0.816 0.849 0.826 0.990 0.946 Pedestrian Decision Tree Output In this study, we used Decision Tree classifier which improved the accuracy better than ear